What are Pneumatic components?

Pneumatic components are components of pneumatic systems.

Pneumatic systems are engineering departments that make use of gas or compressed air.

The principle of pneumatics is the same as that of hydraulics, but pneumatics uses gas instead of liquid to transmit energy.

Pneumatic, air is generally pumped to the receiver using a compressor. The receiver contains a large amount of compressed air for use in pneumatic systems as needed. Because the atmosphere contains dust, water vapor, and other contaminants, filters and air dryers are often used in pneumatic systems to keep compressed air clean and dry, improving the reliability and life of components and systems. . Pneumatic systems also use a variety of valves to control the direction, pressure, and speed of the actuator.

Where is the Pneumatic used?

·         Most people don't know it, but they are surrounded by pneumatic systems. Here are a few examples:

·         Bus and truck air brakes are officially known as compressed air brake systems. The system uses a type of friction brake, where compressed air pressurizes the piston and applies pressure to the brake pads that stop the vehicle.

·         Exercise equipment can be built on the pneumatic system. The pneumatic cylinder creates a resistance that can be regulated by air pressure.

·         The compressed air motor, also called a pneumatic motor, expands the compressed air for mechanical work. Generally, compressed air is converted to mechanical action by rotation or linear motion.

·         Pressure regulators are valves designed to automatically stop flow when a liquid or gas reaches a certain pressure.

·         Pressure sensors are used to measure the pressure of a gas or liquid.

·         The pipe organ pushes the pressurized air through the selected pipe by pressing a key on the keyboard to make a sound.

·         Gas, air, helium, nitrogen, or hydrogen expand in balloon structures such as balloons, bouncy castles, or exploding figures. The gas pressure maintains the expansion of the structure.

·         Cable blasting is a technique used to route cables in conduits. Compressed air is inserted and flows along the conduit and cable.

·         Pneumatic cylinders use the force of the compressed gas to generate force.

·         The vacuum pump maintains a partial vacuum by removing gas molecules from the sealed container. This concept was invented in 1650.

·         The pressure switch closes the electrical contact when a certain pressure is reached. The switch can be contacted when the pressure increases or decreases.

·         The pneumatic air gun uses pre-compressed air as an energy source to move the projectile.

·         The Barostat system maintains constant pressure in a closed chamber. They can be used for medical purposes.

·         Gas powered refilling provides power to operate the gun.

·         Tires are made of compressed air to inflate and shape the tire body on a bicycle, car, or other vehicle.

·         The hand hammer is a tool that combines a hammer and a chisel, and is generally operated with compressed air.

·         LEGO can also use tires! There is a type of lego brick that uses pneumatics to perform various tasks using pneumatics.

Advantages and disadvantages of pneumatics.

Advantage

• Infinite availability of sources.

Air is the most important element of a pneumatic system and, as we all know, air can be used anywhere, anytime in the world.

• Easy channels

Air is a substance that easily passes or travels from one place to another through long, small serpentine pipes.

• The temperature is flexible.

Air can be used flexibly in environments that require various temperatures through equipment designed for specific situations. Even in extreme conditions, the air could still function.

• Safety

Air can be charged more safely than non-flammable, and there is no short circuit (blast) or explosion, making it very easy to protect these two, unlike electrical systems that can generate power.

• Clean

The air around us tends to clean without harmful chemicals and can be minimized or cleaned with some processes, making it safe to use pneumatic systems for the pharmaceutical, food and beverage and textile industries.

• Power transmission and speed adjustment is very easy.

Air can move from low to high, or vice versa

 

• Can be saved

Air can be stored by supplying excess air pressure through the seat tube. In addition, it can be installed to ensure the safety of the pressure limit or system.

• Easily used

Easy air that is used directly or indirectly to create specific movements through pneumatic equipment on surfaces such as metals and machinery.

Disadvantages

• Air generating equipment must be installed.

Compressed air must be well prepared to meet the requirements. Meet specific criteria including lubricants required for dry, clean, and pneumatic equipment. Therefore, the installation of a pneumatic system requires relatively expensive equipment, such as compressors, air filters, lubrication tubes, dryers, regulators, etc.

•Easy  Leaking

One of the characteristics of pressurized air is that it always occupies an empty space, and the air pressure works hard. Therefore, sealing is necessary to prevent air leakage. Seal leaks can cause loss of power. The pneumatic equipment should be equipped with a sealing kit to minimize compressed air leaks in the system.

• Potential noise

Pneumatics using an open system make noise, especially in the exhaust duct, as the used air is discharged from the system and the air is quite strong. The solution is to put a silencer on each discharge line.

• Easy condensation

Pressurized air condenses easily, so before entering the system, it must be dry, have enough pressure, and contain a small amount of lubricant to reduce valve and actuator friction.

Pneumatic Components List

Pneumatic systems include air compressor, air drying, air source treatment (air filter + air regulator + air lubricator), air valve, air cylinder, air actuator. Meanwhile, an air connection and an air hose are required to connect the parts. To achieve some functions, the system needs more components, such as the quick exhaust valve, the butterfly valve, the slide valve, the muffler and the check valve.

Air power source cells – air compressor. air tank. timer drain valve

Air compressors can supply energy to the air.

The air tank stores enough air to drive the air actuator.

The timer discharge valve discharges condensate from the air tank in a timely manner.

However, air sources cannot remove water and dust from compressed air. To extend the life of pneumatic components, you need the following cells.

• Air source pretreatment cell: pretreatment filter. Dryer. Oil / water separator, end filter, drip leg drain. Filter / regulator / lubricator.

The pre-filter is mainly for removing most of the water molecules and the largest impurities installed in the main line.

• Air dryer, used to remove water vapor from the compressed air.

There are several ways to dry compressed air.

You can lower the temperature and heat it again. Condensate can form at low temperatures, causing water to drain. Remind me again, the air will dry up.

Excessive compression. The compressed air cools down. After removing the condensate formed, the air expands at normal working pressure. Expensive and rarely used.

Absorption. The water in the compressed air is chemically bonded to absorbent materials. The water dissolves in the material. Then both the material and the water are drained.

Absorption. Water adheres to the surface of the adsorbent (desiccant). The desiccant is generated to remove the water again. This process is used in dry compressed air dryers.

• Filter / Regulator / Lubricator.

Air filter, steam and dust removal.

Air regulator, pressure reduction

Air lubricator, add oil to the compressor air.

• Air Control Cells – Pneumatic Directional valve

Pneumatic directional valves include air valves, solenoid valves, foot valves, mechanical valves, and manual valves.

Valves regulate, direct, or control fluid flow by opening or closing. Installs directly into a pipe or hose and controls fluid pressure, velocity, and volume as it passes through the system.

Some common types of valves are:

2-way, 2-position valve.

3-Way, 2-position valve

4-Way, 2-position valve

4 -Way, 3-position valve

• Air Actuator – Air Cylinder, Air tools

Actuators and pneumatic cylinders are widely used because they are simple, inexpensive, durable, and easy to install. It can generate thousands of pounds of force at high speeds. It can also run at high speed without overheating and stop without internal damage. It can also easily withstand difficult conditions, such as high humidity and dusty environments.